This occurs due to a combination of push factors in individuals’ home countries such as conflict or natural disasters, to pull factors from abroad such as better work compensation and increased socio-economic stability. This movement is called human capital flight, also known as “ brain drain”, and is the emigration of people who have received high levels of education or training in their home country, who then go on to take their knowledge abroad. Whilst on the surface this appears generally negative for the health of the global economy, some countries have been relieved as the level of skilled workers leaving their home countries has consequently decreased. One estimate by the United Nation suggests that pandemic related border shutdowns slowed the growth of international migrants by approximately two million, which is about 27% lower than levels expected in 2019. As the virus spread rampant around the globe, these protective measures resulted in a record decline in migration. 2020 saw a record number of countries either completely close their borders or highly restrict the movement of people through them due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
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